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Last revised: June 13, 2001


Workshop Rationale

Since the early days of Crombie (1955) numerous groups have developed HF radars with various degree of success. Applications have been limited to short, concept-proofing experiments. However, over the past decade, several additional groups have emerged and either developed next generation HF radar systems and/or begun to use them for routine and longer-term oceanographic applications.

The workshop will provide a forum where participants from around world will present results and discuss issues concerning HF radars. The workshop goals are:

Our plan is to divide the workshop into four major themes:

  1. INSTRUMENTATION/TECHNOLOGY
  2. PHYSICS
  3. ALGORITHMS
  4. APPLICATIONS

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Workshop Topics

The four themes are chosen to stimulate discussions in these areas, but also to expose the cross-linkages among them. Below we list numerous examples of issues that should be covered in the workshops over the next years.

1. INSTRUMENTATION/TECHNOLOGY

  • Transmitter Design
Pulsed, coded waveform, FMCW:
Average power/range
Frequency selection
Adjustable in software or hardware
Automatic switching or interleaving
Simultaneous switching (multi-frequency)


  • Antenna Design
    Receive:
      Linear array, staggered array, co-located
Loop elements, monopole elements, passsive vs. active
Transmit:
Omnidirectional monopole, directional YAGI, other directional
Single frequency (optimized lengths), dual frequency (traps), multiple frequency
Cabling, shielding, corrosion
Calibration (see ALGORITHMS)
    Location:
      Beach / cliff
Tower / offshore platform
      Ship


  • Computers and Data Acquisition System
    Platforms:
      Mac
    PC
Workstation
    Operating system:
      Mac
    Windows
NT UNIX
    Data formats:
      ASCII
    NetCDF
MATLAB Other
    Autonomous operations:
    Communications
      Phone-line
    Direct internet
      Radio modem (e.g. UHF)
    Cellular phone
      Satellite dish
    Sneaker net
    Power and back-up
      Direct power
    On-site generators
      Power conditioners and UPS
    Remote re-start
      Solar panels
    Storage systems
      Hard disks
    Removable media
      Tapes
    CDs
    Software
      Proprietary data acquisition
    User-supplied processing software
      Graphical display (e.g. GUI)
    Community library of HF utilites (version 1 in MATLAB)
      Menu-driven controls and commands

2. PHYSICS

  • Radar Cross-section
    Minimum vs. optimal footprint:
    Mimimum vs. optimal dwell time:


  • EM Propagation and A
    Ground wave:
    Sky wave:
    Antenna location-distance to water, soil moisture and composition:
    Salinity:


  • Noise
    Environmental:
      Atmospheric
    Surface waves
      EM interference
    Instrument:
      Temperature
    Humidity
      corrosion
    Others


  • Surface Waves
    Shoaling effects:
    Non-linear interactions:

  • Error Statistics (see APPLICATIONS below)


3. ALGORITHMS

  • Transmitter Waveform (see above)

  • Antenna Pointing
    Beam Forming:
      Antenna weighting
    Antenna spacing
    Site calibration:
      Transponder surveys
    Fixed-site transponder time series
      Near field transponder surveys
    Element-to-element gains


  • Direction finding
    MUSIC vs. least squares:
    Phase vs. amplitude methods:
    Site calibration (see above):
      Differential element drift
    Sampling / averaging / ensembling:
    Post-radial smoothing:


  • Doppler Currents
    Peak picking:
    Real-time error flags:
      Peak shape
S/N time continuity
      GDOP
geophysical contamination
      Radial coverage
ship contamination MUSIC noise level
    Surface Waves:
Significant wave height
    Barrick
    Maresca
    Georges
    Heron
    Others
Directional Waves
    Wyatt
    Howell and Walsh
    Hisaki
    Others
    Wind Direction:
      Trizna Method - universal calibration values?
Sea state dependence
    Wind Speed:
      Shear-based estimate from MCR
Hybrid buoy/HF estimate
    Others?
    Ship Echoes:
      Error elimination
Ship tracking Antenna calibration
      Antenna calibration


4. APPLICATIONS

  • Sub-tidal Current Maps
    Seasonal coastal current patterns:
    Eddies:
    Upwelling filaments:


  • Tidal Currents
    Barotropic and baroclinic:
    Topographic effects:


  • Wind-Driven Currents
    Seabreeze:
    Coastal set up:
    Near-surface shear and momentum transfer:


  • Trajectory Analyses
    Oil spills:
    Search and rescue:
    Larval transport:


  • Marine Forecasts
    Strong current warnings:
    Ship routing:
    Wave warnings:


  • Interannual Signals
    El Nino:
      Along-coast propagating signals


  • Wave Forecasts
    Surf reports:
    Sediment transport:
    Longshore currents:


  • Modeling
    Assimilation into ocean circulation models:
    Assimilation into ocean wave prediction models:
    Development of space-time error models:
    Assimilation into atmospheric circulation models:
    Oil spill hazard assessment:

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Workshop Sponsors

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Registration Fee

The Workshop registration fee of $150 includes a copy of the Workshop proceedings and abstracts, opening reception, and morning and afternoon coffee breaks. We will also seek a limited amount of money to support travel for participants unable to obtain reimbursement from other sources. Those anticipating need of support should contact the organizers as soon as possible. Contact information is provided below.

Important dates
 
    Abstract (1/2 to 1 page) deadline
February 15, 2001
    Acceptance of abstract & poster/oral decision
March 15, 2001
    Early registration deadline 
January 31, 2001
    Last day to reserve room at Workshop rates at Timberline Lodge
February 9, 2001
    Papers due
June 8, 2001
    Workshop 
April 9-12, 2001
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Manuscript preparation

MANUSCRIPTS: The symposium proceedings will be published as a monograph by the University of Miami.  We will follow the format by the American Geophysical Union and will provide first authors with detailed instructions for manuscript preparation at the workshop. Templates for  MS Word, Wordperfect, or LaTex will be available via email and/or at the ROW website. Please note that the maximum number of pages for each contribution will be six (6), using the AGU format. Please prepare your manuscript following the AGU guidelines and submit four (4) camera ready copies of the manuscript to the organizers at the due date in June 2001.

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Organising Committee

Hans Graber (Co-Chair), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami, USA
Jeffrey Paduan (Co-Chair), Naval Postgraduate School, USA


Program Committee

Michael Kosro, Oregon State University, USA
Lucy Wyatt, Sheffield University, United Kingdom
Malcolm Heron, James Cook University, Australia
Lynn "Nick" Shay, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami, USA

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Contact:  Frances Sampedro
University of Miami
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
Division of Applied Marine Physics
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida  33149  USA
Tel: +1 305-361-4772
Fax: +1 305-361-4701
Email: row2001@rsmas.miami.edu


                

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