Since the early days of Crombie (1955) numerous groups have developed HF radars with various degree of success. Applications have been limited to short, concept-proofing experiments. However, over the past decade, several additional groups have emerged and either developed next generation HF radar systems and/or began to use them for routine and longer-term oceanographic applications.

The workshop would provide a forum where participants from around world could present results and discuss issues concerning HF radars. The workshop goals are:

• To facilitate communications and exchange ideas and information on radar technology and applications.
• To build and foster a strong users group.
• To optimize radar technology jointly with scientists and engineers.
• To develop algorithms and standards for the analysis of currents, winds and waves as well as other parameters (e.g. bathymetry, salinity).
• To improve error estimates for modellers.
• To better understand the physics of the underlying scattering process.

Our plan is to divide the workshop into four major themes:

1. INSTRUMENTATION/TECHNOLOGY
2. PHYSICS
3. ALGORITHMS
4. APPLICATIONS
   

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Workshop Topics

1. INSTRUMENTATION/TECHNOLOGY

Transmitter Design
	Pulsed, coded waveform, FMCW:
	Average power/range	Frequency selection
	Adjustable in software or hardware	Automatic switching or interleaving
	Simultaneous switching (multi frequency)

Antenna Design
	Receive:
	Linear array, staggered array, co-located	Loop elements, monopole elements, passsive vs. active
	Transmit:
	Omnidirectional monopole, directional YAGI, other directional	Single frequency (optimized lengths), dual frequency (traps), multiple frequency
	Cabling, shielding, corrosion	Calibration (see ALGORITHMS)
	Location:
	Beach / cliff	Tower / offshore platform
	Ship

Computers and Data Acquisition System
	Platforms:
	Mac	PC
	Workstation
	Operating system:
	Mac	Windows
	NT	UNIX
	Data formats:
	ASCII	NetCDF
	MATLAB	Other
	Autonomous operations:
		Communications
		Phone-line	Direct internet
		Radio modem (e.g. UHF)	Cellular phone
		Satellite dish	Sneaker net
		Power and back-up
		Direct power	On-site generators
		Power conditioners and UPS	Remote re-start
		Solar panels
		Storage systems
		Hard disks	removable media
		tapes	CDs
		Software
		Proprietary data acquisition	User-supplied processing software
		Community library of HF utilites (version 1 in MATLAB)	Graphical display (e.g. GUI)
		Menu-driven controls and commands

2. PHYSICS

Radar Cross-section
	Minimum vs. optimal footprint:
	Mimimum vs. optimal dwell time:

EM Propagation and A
	Ground wave:
	Sky wave:
	Antenna location-distance to water, soil moisture and composition:
	Salinity:

Noise
	Environmental:
	Atmospheric	Surface waves
	EM interference
	Instrument:
	Temperature	Humidity
	corrosion	Others

Surface Waves
	Shoaling effects:
	Non-linear interactions:

Error Statistics (see APPLICATIONS below)

3. ALGORITHMS

Transmitter Waveform (see above)

Antenna Pointing
	Beam Forming:
	Antenna weighting	Antenna spacing
	Site calibration:
	Transponder surveys	Fixed-site transponder time series
	Near field transponder surveys	Element-to-element gains

Direction finding
	MUSIC vs. least squares:
	Phase vs. amplitude methods:
	Site calibration (see above):
	Differential element drift
	Sampling / averaging / ensembling:
	Post-radial smoothing:

Doppler Currents
	Peak picking:
	Real-time error flags:
	Peak shape	S/N	time continuity
	GDOP	geophysical contamination
	Radial coverage	ship contamination	MUSIC noise level
	Surface Waves:
		Significant wave height
		Barrick	Maresca
		Georges	Heron
		Others
		Directional Waves
		Wyatt	Howell and Walsh
		Hisaki	Others
	Wind Direction:
	Trizna Method - universal calibration values?	Sea state dependence
	Wind Speed:
	Shear-based estimate from MCR	Hybrid buoy/HF estimate
	Others?
	Ship Echoes:
	Error elimination	Ship tracking
	Antenna calibration

4. APPLICATIONS

Sub-tidal Current Maps
	Seasonal coastal current patterns:
	Eddies:
	Upwelling filaments:

Tidal Currents
	Barotropic and baroclinic:
	Topographic effects:

Wind-Driven Currents
	Seabreeze:
	Coastal set up:
	Near-surface shear and momentum transfer:

Trajectory Analyses
	Oil spills:
	Search and rescue:
	Larval transport:

Marine Forecasts
	Strong current warnings:
	Ship routing:
	Wave warnings:

Interannual Signals
	El Nino:
	Along-coast propagating signals

Wave Forecasts
	Surf reports:
	Sediment transport:
	Longshore currents:

Modeling
	Assimilation into ocean circulation models:
	Assimilation into ocean wave prediction models:
	Development of space-time error models:
	Assimilation into atmospheric circulation models:
	Oil spill hazard assessment:

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Workshop Sponsors

• Office of Naval Research
• Office of Naval Research International Field Office
• Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami
• Naval Postgraduate School

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Registration Fee

The workshop registration fee of $200 includes daily breakfast and lunch, morning and afternoon coffee breaks, openingreception, and a copy of the Workshop proceedings and abstracts. We will also seek a limited amount of money to support travel for participants unable to obtain reimbursement from other sources. Those anticipating need of support should contact the organizers as soon as possible. Contact information is provided below.

Important dates

Reminder of EGS Meeting immediately following ROW2002:

Where: Nice, France (21-26 April '02)
Info at: http://www.copernicus.org/EGS/egsga/nice02/nice02.htm

Manuscript preparation

MANUSCRIPTS: The symposium proceedings will be published as a monograph by the University of Miami.  We will follow the format by the American Geophysical Union and will provide first authors with detailed instructions for manuscript preparation at the workshop. Templates for  MS Word, Wordperfect, or LaTex will be available via email and/or at the ROW website. Please note that the maximum number of pages for each contribution will be six (6), using the AGU format. Please prepare your manuscript following the AGU guidelines and submit four (4) camera ready copies of the manuscript to the organizers at the due date in September 2002.

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Organising Committee

Hans Graber (Co-Chair), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami, USA
Jeffrey Paduan (Co-Chair), Naval Postgraduate School, USA

Local Host - Pierre Flament

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Contact:  Frances Sampedro
University of Miami
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
Division of Applied Marine Physics
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida  33149  USA
Tel: +1 305-361-4772
Fax: +1 305-361-4701
Email: fsampedro@rsmas.miami.edu

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